Borderline or locally advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma: A single center experience on the FOLFIRINOX induction regimen

IntroductionThis study aimed to determine the impact of FOLFIRINOX neoadjuvant therapy on patients with non-metastatic borderline/locally advanced (BL/LA) pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), in current practice.Material and methodsFrom 2010 to 2017, 258 patients with BL/LA PDAC from a single high-volume institution received FOLFIRINOX neoadjuvant treatment.ResultsThe 258 patients received a median number of 6 cycles of FOLFIRINOX (range, 3–16); 98 (38%) patients underwent curative surgery, and 160 (62%) continued medical treatment. A venous resection was performed in 57 patients (58%), and an arterial resection in 12 (12%). The postoperative 30- and 90-day mortality rates were 6.1% and 8.2%, respectively. Adjuvant chemotherapy was performed in 57 patients (59%). The median overall survival (OS) in patients who did (n = 98) or did not (n = 160) undergo surgical resection were 39 months and 19 months, respectively (P < 0.001). In resected patients, the ASA 3 score (P < 0.01), venous resection (P < 0.01), hemorrhage (P < 0.01), and R1 margin status (P = 0.03) were found to negatively influence the OS. The median OS was significantly higher in patients who did not require a venous resection (not reached vs. 26.5 months, P < 0.001).ConclusionsNeoadjuvant FOLFIRINOX provided a survival benefit in BL/LA PDAC patients, particularly in those who did not ultimately require venous resection.     

肺泡蛋白沉积症低剂量容积数据高分辨率CT影像特征分析

背景　目前肺泡蛋白沉积症（PAP）的确诊需要依据支气管肺泡灌洗和/或肺活检，属于侵入性检查，而胸部CT检查对本病的诊断具有重要提示作用，尤其是胸部低剂量容积数据高分辨率CT（VHRCT）检查能更多地显示双肺解剖细节及病变细微特点，从而为临床诊断提供帮助，但鲜有这方面的报道。目的　观察低剂量VHRCT下PAP治疗前后的影像学表现，从而探讨VHRCT在PAP诊断中的临床价值。方法　回顾性分析2015年6月-2018年6月在四川大学华西第四医院诊治的24例PAP患者的临床资料和胸部低剂量VHRCT资料、确诊情况及治疗效果。结果　治疗前，24例患者双肺均可见多发的磨玻璃样密度影，边界清，边缘模糊，其中12例磨玻璃影广泛分布，呈“地图征”表现，7例患者双肺可见局限性片状实变影；6例磨玻璃影中可见小叶间隔增厚，呈“铺路石征”表现；3例可见从肺门向外放射，呈“蝶翼状”分布的大面积阴影（磨玻璃影或/和实变影）；2例可见充气支气管征；部分患者双肺可见多发微小结节及间质纤维化表现；24例均未见纵隔及肺门淋巴结增大；同一患者中可有上述几种征象同时出现。治疗后复查及随访过程中，24例双肺磨玻璃影范围不同程度缩小、密度减低、边缘清晰，4例实变影密度减低呈磨玻璃密度影，2例见充气支气管征。16例经支气管肺泡灌洗确诊，3例经血清粒细胞-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子（GM-CSF）抗体检测确诊，5例经支气管镜肺穿刺活检确诊。确诊前根据患者胸部低剂量VHRCT的特征性表现高度提示PAP者共16例，符合率为66.7%（16/24），其余8例患者依据VHRCT的特征，5例提示细菌性肺炎、2例提示肺水肿、1例提示特发性肺间质纤维化。治疗后患者，呼吸困难、咳嗽等临床症状明显好转。治疗后总肺活量占预计值百分比（TLC%）、一氧化碳弥散量占预计值百分比（DLCO%）、肺活量占预计值百分比（VC%）、酸碱度（pH）、氧分压（PaO2）高于治疗前，治疗后二氧化碳分压（PaCO2）低于治疗前（P<0.05）。结论　PAP的低剂量VHRCT表现为广泛性或局限性分布的磨玻璃影和/或实变影，其中“地图征”和“铺路石征”具有一定的特征性，部分病例可见“蝶翼征”和充气支气管征；另外，本疾病一般无纵隔及肺门淋巴结增大；上述影像学征象有助于PAP的诊断、严重程度评价和疗效观察，可作为一种常规检查，推广应用。     

Breast reconstruction after therapeutic or prophylactic mastectomy for breast cancer: A comparison of guideline recommendations

BackgroundThe purpose of this article is to illuminate differences in published clinical practice guideline recommendations for breast reconstruction after prophylactic and therapeutic mastectomy.MethodsTen guidelines were identified through a systematic search of websites and databases of reputable oncology guideline developers, and key differences and gaps in recommendations were noted. Quality assessment of the guidelines was conducted by three reviewers using the AGREE II tool, focusing on breast reconstruction specific documents rather than the general breast cancer guidelines.ResultsThe most comprehensive guidelines were published by Alberta Health Services, Cancer Care Ontario, the American Society of Plastic Surgeons, and the Association of Breast Surgery/British Association of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgeons. AGREE II scores in the domains of “Scope and Purpose” and “Clarity and Presentation” were ranked relatively high for all four guidelines while “Applicability” and “Editorial Independence” were ranked relatively low. The Alberta and Ontario guidelines were the overall highest ranked guidelines across all domains.ConclusionOverall, these guidelines provide consistent recommendations on who should receive breast reconstruction education, who is a candidate for postmastectomy breast reconstruction, and the appropriate timing of reconstruction and extent of mastectomy. Future updates from all should focus on expanding to include alloplastic and autologous forms of reconstruction and should include a broad scope of relevant questions.     

MRI螺旋桨技术在肩袖损伤中的应用

目的观察在高场磁共振螺旋桨(PROPELLER)技术下联合标准"Y"位在临床上对于肩袖损伤的应用效果。方法2018年12月-2019年5月,选择40例具有肩袖损伤相关症状的患者,均采用两种方法进行MRI检查,方法一,采用常规扫描序列:即FSE T2WI,斜冠状面FSE T2WI和斜矢状面FSE T2WI;方法二采用PROPELLER(螺旋桨)技术序列联合标准"Y"位扫描。评价两组患者的肩袖损伤分级程度和肩胛损伤脂肪浸润程度评分比较情况。结果两种方法在肩袖损伤Ⅱ级(χ^2=4.943,P=0.026)、Ⅲ级(χ^2=7.168,P=0.007)比较中,具有显著性差异。两种方法在脂肪浸润程度评分Ⅱ级(t=-4.673,P=0.041)、Ⅲ级(t=-4.442,P=0.046)比较中,也具有显著性差异(P<0.05)结论PROPELLER技术联合标准"Y"位在降低伪影,充分展示肩袖结构等方面更占有优势。     

Analysis of radiation exposure data from common radiological procedures in Dutch hospitals

IntroductionIn the Netherlands, Diagnostic Reference Levels (DRLs) have not been based on a national survey as proposed by ICRP. Instead, local exposure data, expert judgment and the international scientific literature were used as sources. This study investigated whether the current DRLs are reasonable for Dutch radiological practice.MethodsA national project was set up, in which radiography students carried out dose measurements in hospitals supervised by medical physicists. The project ran from 2014 to 2017 and dose values were analysed for a trend over time. In the absence of such a trend, the joint yearly data sets were considered a single data set and were analysed together. In this way the national project mimicked a national survey.ResultsFor six out of eleven radiological procedures enough data was collected for further analysis. In the first step of the analysis no trend was found over time for any of these procedures. In the second step the joint analysis lead to suggestions for five new DRL values that are far below the current ones. The new DRLs are based on the 75 percentile values of the distributions of all dose data per procedure.ConclusionThe results show that the current DRLs are too high for five of the six procedures that have been analysed. For the other five procedures more data needs to be collected. Moreover, the mean weights of the patients are higher than expected. This introduces bias when these are not recorded and the mean weight is assumed to be 77 kg.Implications for practiceThe current checking of doses for compliance with the DRLs needs to be changed. Both the procedure (regarding weights) and the values of the DRLs should be updated.     

临床护理路径（CNP）在腹部CT增强扫描检查中的应用研究

目的 探究临床护理路径在行腹部CT增强扫描检查患者中的应用效果。方法 收集本院2017年7月～2018年6月收治的120例行腹部CT增强扫描检查患者的临床资料,依据不同的干预方法归纳为对照组和实验组,各60例。前者采取常规护理方法,后者采取临床护理路径。对照并分析两组患者的检查配合度、不良反应发生率、护理满意度及护理差错数。结果 实验组患者的检查配合度为93.3%,明显优于对照组的73.3%(P0.05);实验组患者的不良反应发生率为5.0%,明显低于对照组的18.3%(P0.05);实验组患者的满意度评分为(4.37±0.40)分,明显优于对照组患者的(3.26±0.73)分(P0.05);实验组护理差错共1次,明显少于对照组的8次(P0.05)。结论 临床护理路径在腹部CT增强扫描检查中应用效果较好,能够明显提升患者的依从性,进而更好地配合检查,提高患者的满意度,具有较高的临床实用性。     

CT测量成人寰枢椎后方部分结构数据设计寰枢椎板间融合器

文题释义： 寰枢椎脱位：可分为可复性、难复性和不可复性脱位3种类型，其可导致C_1/2水平脊髓压迫而造成神经功能障碍症状，临床上多需要进行手术治疗，后路钉棒固定融合术是最常用的手术方式。 寰枢椎板间融合器：与寰枢椎侧块关节融合器不同，其直接固定在寰椎后弓与枢椎椎板骨面上，是一种新型融合器，此融合器可配合广泛使用的后路钉棒内固定手术，置入简便，增加植骨与寰椎后弓及枢椎椎板骨面的接触应力，促进骨性融合。 背景：寰枢椎融合器一直以侧块关节融合器为研究热点，但其置入操作风险过大，目前临床上一直缺乏可广泛应用的寰枢椎融合器。 目的：探究成人后路寰枢椎板间融合器的CT影像解剖学可行性并给出初步设计。 方法：对100例成人(男50例，女50例)寰枢椎CT三维成像进行测量，测量指标包括寰椎单侧后弓长度、寰椎后弓厚度、枢椎单侧椎板长度、枢椎椎板厚度、寰椎后弓上缘至枢椎椎板下缘距离，分析寰枢椎后方部分结构的CT测量数据并设计寰枢椎板间融合器。 结果与结论：①男、女性的寰椎单侧后弓长度分别为(23.41±1.48) mm和(22.23±1.25) mm，寰椎后弓厚度分别为(6.00±0.96) mm和(5.28±0.78) mm，枢椎单侧椎板长度分别为(18.54±2.23 )mm和(17.31±0.91) mm，枢椎椎板厚度分别为(5.12±1.31) mm和(4.98±1.26) mm，寰椎后弓上缘至枢椎椎板下缘距离分别为(32.63±2.76) mm和(31.39±4.04) mm；②不同性别的双侧测量数据差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05)；男性的寰椎单侧后弓长度、寰椎后弓厚度、枢椎单侧椎板长度大于女性，差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05)；男性与女性的枢椎椎板厚度、椎后弓上缘至枢椎椎板下缘距离差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05)；③寰枢椎后方部分结构的CT测量结果提示寰枢椎板间融合器是可行的；④寰枢椎板间融合器初步设计成功，并获得国家专利；⑤提示寰枢椎板间融合器具有应用可行性，可用于寰枢椎后路钉棒固定融合过程中，提升寰枢椎间的植骨融合率。 ORCID: 0000-0002-2101-1900(邹小宝)中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：人工关节；骨植入物；脊柱；骨折；内固定；数字化骨科；组织工程     

3.0T MRI和多层螺旋CT在直肠癌术前TN分期中的临床应用对比

目的:比较研究3.0TMRI和多层螺旋CT在直肠癌术前TN分期中的临床应用价值。方法:选择2016年4月~2018年4月期间某院收治的直肠癌患者54例作为研究资料,均于术前接受3.0TMRI和多层螺旋CT检查,回顾性分析两种检查方法的诊断准确性,依据手术病理结果评价两种方法N分期的应用价值。结果:MRI诊断T分期准确率88.89%与CT诊断比较明显更高(P<0.05);MRI诊断N分期准确率87.04%与CT诊断N分期准确率77.78%比较无明显差异(P>0.05)。结论:在直肠癌术前诊断中采用3.0TMRI和多层螺旋CT检查均具有较高的价值,其中3.0TMRI在T分期诊断中准确性相对较高,而N分期则无明显优势,因此实际诊断中需选择可靠的术前诊断方法。